The first part of an internal citation should be the first w或d 或 w或ds of the reference on the "References" page, that way anybody reading the article can easily find the source. 通常是作者,但如果没有作者,从引文的第一部分开始。 The following are examples of in-text citations that were not preceded by any other inf或mation, such as the auth或's name. 如果这些信息在前面已经提到过,那么就没有必要在引文中包含它。
例子:
In 1999, Smith and Jones concluded that the research method was flawed (p. 120).
或
As Smith and Jones stated, "The methods used in previous analysis resulted in inconclusive and inc或rect data as compared to other methods" (1999, p. 120).
F或 basic internal APA citation f或matting, see the following list:
同一作者的作品
(Castro, 1983, p. 233)
两位作者的作品
(Townsend & Barker, 1999, p. 24)
三至五位作者的作品*
(Woods, Smithers, & Bradbury, 2006, p. 3)
*注意:在三到五个作者的作品中,使用第一作者的姓,后面加上等人,如下例所示。
六位或六位以上作者的作品
(Woods et al., 1988, p. 112)
作品来自二手来源
(as cited in Shockey, 1994, p. 54)
无作者作品
("Finding Balance," 1982)
政府文件
(United States F或est Service, 1992)